(1) Reduce steadily the incidence of frequently-occurring birth defects that cause serious disabilities; reduce disabilities caused by birth defects.

(2) Reduce infant mortality rate to less than 10 per thousand and that of children aged under 5 to 13 per thousand. Reduce the mortality rate of infants and children under 5 among the floating population. 

(3) Reduce deaths and disabilities of children caused by injury. Reduce by the death rate of injured children below the age of 18.

(4) Keep common childhood diseases and serious infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS, syphilis, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B, under control.

(5) Increase the rate of immunization and vaccination, as part of the national immunization plan, to above 95 percent at the township level.

(6) Reduce the incidence of neonatal tetanus among newborn babies to less than 1 per thousand at the county level.

(7) Keep the incidence of low birth-weight below 4 percent. 

(8) Raise the breast-feeding rate for babies under six months to above 50 percent.

(9) Keep the incidence of anemia among children under 5 below 12 percent and reduce by 1/3 of the 2010 level the incidence of anemia among primary and middle school students.

(10) Keep growth retardation among children under 5 below 7 percent, and reduce the incidence of low weight among the same age group to below 5 percent.

(11) Increase the rate of primary and middle school students that meet the National Standard on Students' Physical Health. Control the incidence of weak sight, tooth cavities, overweight/obesity and malnutrition.

(12) Reduce children’s psychological or behavioral problems and mental illness.

(13) Raise the knowledge level on sex and reproductive health among children of appropriate ages.

(14) Reduce environmental pollution infliction on children.

Strategies and Measures:

(1) Increase investment in maternal and child health care. Optimize the allocation of health resources, increase appropriation in maternal and child health care in rural and remote areas, and promote equity and accessibility of basic medical and health services for children.

(2) Strengthen the system of maternal and child health services. Establish a standardized maternal and child health care institution sponsored respectively by governments at provincial, city and county levels. Strengthen a maternal and child health service network at county, township and village levels, and improve the grassroots maternal and child health service system. Advance the building of a medical care and service network for children, set up pediatrics department in general hospitals above level two and in maternal and child health care institutions above the county level, increase children's hospitals, and standardize wards for newborn babies. Step up personnel training and improve services in children's health sector.

(3) Improve children's health care services and management. Promote the standardization of children's medical and health care departments, and develop services including neonatal health care, growth monitoring, nutritional and feeding guidance, integrated early childhood development, and assessment and guidance on psychological and behavioral development. Progressively expand child health care items in national basic public health service projects. Increase the systematic management rate of children under 3 and the health care management rate of children under 7 to over 80 percent. Bring children of migrant workers into the local community child health care management system, and raise the rate of child health care management among the floating population.

(4) Improve the congenital anomalies prevention and treatment system. Carry out the three-level prevention and treatment measures on birth defects, raise awareness of premarital physical checkups, regulate checkup items, improve service modes, and increase the premarital checkup rate. Strengthen guidance on rational nutrition and diet during pregnancy and the prenatal period. Establish and improve the prenatal diagnosis network, and increase the detection rate of congenital anomalies during pregnancy. Carry out neonatal disease screening, diagnosis and treatment, raise the screening rate of inherited metabolic diseases including congenital hypothyroidism and neonatal phenylketonuria (PKU) to over 80 percent, increase the neonatal hearing screening rate to over 60 percent, and improve the treatment and recovery rate of confirmed cases. of birth-defect prevention and treatment, especially among the target population.

(5) Strengthen child disease prevention and treatment. Expand the coverage of the national immunization program, reinforce the construction and maintenance of the cold-chain vaccine management system, and regulate vaccination. Popularize elementary knowledge on child health, especially urban and rural communities. Enhance child health-related scientific and technological research, accelerate the applicationg of research findings, make better use of appropriate technologies, and diminish the mortality rate associated with neonatal asphyxia, pneumonia, and congenital heart disease. Regulate pediatric diagnosis and treatment. Encourage R﹠D and production of children's medicines, extend the scope and dosage forms of pediatric drugs on the national essential drug list, and improve the pediatric medicine catalogue. Incorporate the prevebtiong and comprehensive services of maternal-neonatal HIV/AIDS transmission and congenital syphilis into routine maternal and child care, heighten the detection rate of HIV/AIDS among pregnant and lying-in women to 80 percent and of syphilis to 70 percent, and raise to over 90 percent the maternal-neonatal transmission intervention rate among pregnant and lying-in women infected with HIV/AIDS or syphilis to their babies.

(6) Prevent and control childhood injury. Formulate and implement a multi-sectoral childhood injury intervention plan, intensify law enforcement and supervision, create a safe study and living environment for children, and prevent and control accidents causing major injury, including drowning, falls, and traffic mishaps. Bring safety education into school education plans, and popularize throughout primary and middle schools, kindergartens and communities knowledge and education with respect to calamity avoidance, swimming safety, recreation safety, traffic safety, fire prevention and product safety, so as to raise parents and children's self-protection awareness and abilities with respect to self-protection, self-rescue, disaster prevention and hazard avoidance. Establish and improve safety and health management systems and an emergency management mechanism for campus injury incidents in schools and kindergartens. Establish and improve childhood injury monitoring and reporting systems. Raise people's awareness and improve their abilities with respect to child protection at times of disaster and emergency, and provide disaster-stricken children with timely and effective medical, daily life, education, and psychological rehabilitation services.

(7) Improve children's nutritional status. Strengthen construction and management of baby-friendly hospitals, improve and implement relevant policies supporting breast-feeding, and proactively popularize breast-feeding. Give guidance on scientific feeding, rational diet and supplementary nutrients, and upgrade parents' scientific infant-feeding knowledge. Enhance health care skills training and prevent and cure child nutritional diseases, including malnutrition, anemia and obesity. Carry out nutrition and health intervention projects among preschool children in poverty-stricken areas, and continue to carry out nutrition improvement projects aimed at primary and middle school students. Enhance publicity and popularize knowledge on iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) prevention and treatment, and raise the intake rate of approved iodized salt in iodine-deficient areas.

(8) Promote child fitness. Implement The tational Standard on Students' Physical Health in an all-round way. Rationally arrange students' study, rest and recreational hours, and ensure their hours of sleep and one-hour daily on-campus sports activities. Encourage and support schools in making sports facilities available after class and on holidays. Improve and carry out the system of health checkups and fitness monitoring and establish physical health records for students.

(9) Reinforce guidance and intervention on children's health. Step up health care management in child care institutions, primary and middle schools, conduct education and guidance on disease prevention, psychological health, growth and health care during puberty, and improve children's physical and mental health. Help children cultivate healthy behavior and lifestyle. Strengthen children's visual, hearing and oral health care. Prevent children from smoking, and from alcohol and narcotics abuse. Prohibit sales of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs to children.

(10) Constitute a public service network on child psychological health. Set up child psychology departments (clinics) and posts for specialist physicians at children's hospitals, psychiatric hospitals and maternal and child health institutions where conditions allow. Schools should set up psychological consultancy rooms, and include in their workforce full-time teachers of psychological health. Offer training of mental health professionals.

(11) Enhance child reproductive health services. Incorporate reproductive health and sex education into the compulsory education curriculum, expand the number of reproductire health and sex service institutions, strengthen capacity building, provide appropriate services to children of suitable age, and meet their consultancy and treatment needs.

(12) Guarantee the safety of children's foods and products. Improve national standards and certification criteria for testing and quality control of infant food and products, raise quality awareness among producers and enterprises, set up monitoring, testing and early-warning mechanisms on infant foods safety, strengthen supervision at food markets in rural areas, and crack down on illicit production and marketing of fake or shoddy foods. Step up supervision on the production and sale of baby products and toys, and the operation of amusement facilities. Improve the recall system for defective children's toys and products .

(13) Intensify environmental protection and management. Control and tackle air, water and soil pollution and industrial, daily life and rural diffuser pollution, and strengthen protection of drinking water sources. Enhance supervision to ensure that exposure levels of major persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals (lead, cadmium, etc.) comply with national standards.

(1)Promote integrated early childhood development for children aged 0-3.

(2)Basically popularize preschool education. Raise the gross three-year preschool kindergarten enrolment rate to 70 percent, and the gross one-year preschool kindergarten enrolment rate to 95 percent; increase the number of urban public kindergartens, and establish and efficiently run public central kindergartens and village kindergartens in every township.

(3) Raise to 95 percent the retention rate of nine-year compulsory education, including equal education for migrant children and education for disabled children.

(4) Popularize senior middle school education, and increase the gross enrolment rate to 90 percent.

(5) Expand the scale of secondary vocational education, and improve its quality.

(6) Ensure equal education for all children, balance educational resources allocation, and narrow rural and urban disparities, regional disparities and inter-school disparities.

(7) Improve the standardized construction level of schools, and reduce the number of run-down schools.

(8) Constantly improve education quality and efficiency, and promote students' comprehensive quality and ability in an all-round way.

Strategies and Measures:

(1) Implement the development strategy of giving priority to education. Ensure that educational development is given priority throughout economic and social development planning, prioritize investment in education when allocating fiscal funds, and give priority when distributing public resources to meeting education and human resources development needs. Improve mechanisms and policies, encourage non-governmental sectors to run schools, and continuously increase educational input from social resources.

(2) Safeguard children's rights to education according to law. Governments at all levels should organize and urge school-age children to enter school and receive compulsory education, help solve any difficulties they may encounter in receiving compulsory education, and take measures to prevent them from dropping out of school. Parents or other guardians should ensure that school-age children receive and finish compulsory education in accordance with the law. Schools should patiently educate and help students with moral and behavioral shortcomings or with learning difficulties, and are prohibited from expelling students or punishing them in any way that amounts to expulsion for reasons that infringe upon State laws and regulations.

(3) Promote the equalization of basic public education services. Adhere to the public welfare and universal nature of basic public education, and step up the establishment of an integrated urban-rural education development security mechanism and a basic public education service system. Balance resources, including teachers, equipment, books and school buildings, step up the standardized construction of schools providing compulsory education, improve teachers' exchange systems, and narrow disparities in school running conditions, teachers' competence and education quality.

(4) Speed up the development of children's education among ethnic minorities and in areas inhabited by ethnic minority groups. Strengthen support for ethnic minorities' education, proactively improve conditions for running primary and middle schools in ethnic minority-inhabited areas, rural and pastoral areas, remote mountainous areas and border areas, consolidate and update nine-year compulsory education levels, and encourage girls to receive preschool and senior middle school education. Vigorously push forward bilingual education, universalize the standard spoken and written Chinese language, respect and ensure ethnic minority children's rights to receive education in their native languages, and enhance bilingual preschool education. Exert greater efforts to train teachers in ethnic minority-inhabited areas. Further improve support provided by developed areas and mid-sized and large cities for ethnic minority-inhabited areas.

(5) Offer scientific guidance for rearing children aged 0-3. Promote non-profit universal guidance institutions for children's comprehensive development. Provide early childhood care and education guidance to children aged 0-3 and their families on the basis of kindergartens and communities. Speed up the training of professionals in early childhood education for children aged 0-3.

(6) Accelerate the development of preschool education for children of 3-6 years old. Clarify the responsibilities of governments at all levels for promoting preschool education. Bring the development of preschool education into urban construction plans and new socialist countryside construction plans. Establish a kindergarten-running system featuring government leadership, participation by the general public and simultaneous development of public and private kindergartens. Proactively promote development of public kindergartens, and provide preschool education public services which are "widely covered and able to ensure basic needs." Encourage non-governmental sectors to establish kindergartens in various forms, and guide and support private kindergartens in offering universal services.

Focus on developing preschool education in rural areas. Establish at least one public central kindergarten in each township. Large villages should independently set up their own kindergartens, and small villages should either independently build branch kindergartens or jointly run kindergarten. Provide flexible and diversified preschool education services and assign full-time teachers to make inspection tours in areas of scattered population. Gradually improve the preschool education networks at county, township and village levels. Take effective measures to solve the problem of migrant children's admission to kindergartens. Establish financial aid mechanisms for preschool education aimed at helping children from poverty-stricken families, orphans and disabled children receive universal preschool education. Develop preschool education especially for disabled children in accordance with local conditions. Encourage special schools and rehabilitation institutions for people with disabilities to establish kindergartens for disabled children. Strengthen supervision and management of preschool education.

(7) Ensure that children affected by migration have equal opportunities to receive compulsory education. Rely mainly on local government management and local full-time public primary and middle schools to solve migrant children's schooling problems. Formulate and implement measures that help migrant children who have finished compulsory education to sit the senior middle school entrance examinations in the cities where they live. Speed ​​up the construction of boarding schools in rural areas and give priority to meeting the accommodation needs of "left-behind children" (children whose parents have moved to other regions of China to work).

(8) Safeguard the rights of children with special needs to receive compulsory education. Implement financial aid policies on schooling for orphans, disabled children and children from poverty-stricken families. Accelerate the development of special education and basically attain the objective of establishing one special education school in each prefecture (or prefecture-level city), and in each county (or county-level city) with a population of more than 300,000 and with a fairly large group of disabled children. Enlarge the enrollment of disabled children in regular classes, special education classes at regular schools and boarding schools and raise their educational level. Create conditions under which street children, children whose behavior constitutes serious misconduct and juvenile delinquents can equally receive compulsory education.

(9) Speed up the development of senior middle school education. Progressively expand financial investment in senior middle school education, and increase support for senior middle school education in poverty-stricken areas of central and western China. Promote diversified senior middle school education to meet children's different development needs.

(10) Proactively promote vocational education. Deepen the reform of vocational education in line with the purpose of service and employment guidance, and with focus on quality improvement. Expand the scale of vocational education and offer study programs and courses that meet the needs of economic and social development. Enhance the appeal of vocational education and progressively promote implementation of the policy of free secondary vocational education.

(11) Promote quality-oriented education in an all-round way. Establish a scientific outlook on education and fully implement educational policies. Stick to the principle of "catering to all students," and help students to achieve comprehensive development morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically. Enhance students' learning, practice, innovation and social adaptability abilities, and develop their ideological and moral, scientific, cultural and physical qualities.

(12) Strengthen and improve ideological and moral education in schools. Adhere to the principle of "people-orientated education, moral education first" and include the socialist core value system in the whole process of national education. Incorporate moral education into each step of the teaching and educating process and into all aspects of school education, family education and social education. Explore new modes and enrich the content of moral education, and continue to enhance the appeal and influence of moral education. Enhance the pertinence and practicality of moral education. Bring the role of the Communist Youth League and Young Pioneers into full play in school's moral education programs.

(13) Raise children's scientific literacy level. Carry out various activities related to popular science and social practice, encourage more children to be interested in or keen on science and technology, develop children's scientific inquiry competency, and their abilities comprehensively to use knowledge to solve problems. Make full use of sci-tech education bases, teenagers' sci-tech education bases and other resources such as sci-tech museums and scientific research institutions, to provide venues and opportunities for children to participate in scientific practice. Establish a mechanism to integrate after-school practical science activities with school courses. Enhance the building of a science popularization network both inside and outside school, set up and consolidate a teaching group of both full-time and part-time personnel to popularize science among children.

(14) Accelerate educational and teaching reform. Actively promote reforms to curricula, teaching contents and methods, and the examination and enrollment systems. Set up quality standards, monitoring and evaluation systems in the educational sector. Improve the systems of evaluating students' overall quality and academic assessment. Improve and fully implement the system wherein children receiving compulsory education can be exempted from entrance examinations to nearby schools, and solve students' school-selection problems. Establish monitoring and announcing systems on the homework burden, and reduce the amounts of homework and number of examinations to lower the student study load.

(15) Improve the quality and competence of teachers. Strengthen the professional ideals and ethics education of teachers so as to improve their professional ethics and quality. Regard teachers' professional ethics as the primary standard for teacher assessment, appointment and evaluation. Continue to enhance the qualified rate and educational level of teachers, improve the teachers' training system and enhance their teaching level and capabilities.

(16) Promote modernization and the information and communication system in the education sector in an all-round way. Bring IT-based education into the national overall information and communication system strategy. Expand the proportion of rural primary and middle schools that have Internet access. Expand the coverage of modernized distance learning networks in rural areas and establish educational information and communication systems in schools of various levels and types in both urban and rural areas.

(17) Establish schools of a friendly type that features democracy, civility, harmony, equality and safety. Establish a sound relationship between teachers and students wherein students respect teachers and teachers cherish students. Safeguard students' rights to participate in school affairs. Create favorable learning and living conditions beneficial to students' health, provide safe drinking water and sanitary toilets, and improve the conditions of canteens and dormitories in boarding schools.

(18) Improve the management and supervision mechanism of school fee collection. Improve the management regulations on collection of school fees, standardize school fee collection practices and school fee management and utilization.

(1) Expand the scope of child welfare and promote the shift from a stop-gap approach to one that is moderately universal.

(2) Guarantee children's access to basic medical and health care services and raise the coverage and level of children's basic medical security. Provide medical aid to children from poverty-stricken families and to children suffering from serious diseases.

(3) Basically meet the public service needs of migrant and "left-behind children" .

(4) Meet orphans' basic, living, education, medical care and equal employment opportunity needs, and raise the family fostering and adoption rate of orphans.

(5) Raise the rescue and recovery rate of disabled children aged 0-6.

(6) Reduce the number of street children and their recurring vagrancy.

(7) Increase the number of professional service institutions equipped to rear orphans, protect street children and rehabilitate disabled children. Set up a child welfare institution that performs the comprehensive functions of rearing, medical rehabilitation, education and skills training, and an aid and protection institution for street children in cities above the prefecture level and in key counties (or county-level cities).

(8) Guarantee the rights of HIV/AIDS-affected children and children of convicts under the age of 18 to livelihood, education, health care and equal employment opportunities.

Strategies and Measures:

(1) Raise the supply capacity and level of public services for children. Improve the basic public service system, increase financial investment in child welfare, and progressively realize equalization of basic public services for children.

(2) Ensure children's access to basic health care. Improve children's basic medical insurance within the framework of the basic medical insurance system for urban residents and/or the new rural cooperative medical care system. Progressively upgrade the level of basic medical insurance for children and alleviate the burden of medical expenses on the families of sick children.

(3) Raise the level of medical assistance for children. Increase medical aid to children suffering from serious diseases and children from impoverished families. Give subsidies, according to relevant regulations, to children from impoverished families and to orphans and disabled children who have participated in either basic medical insurance for urban residents and/or new rural cooperative medical care system, to help pay the individual portion of their medical costs.

(4) Expand the scope of child welfare. Improve the security system of minimum living standards for urban and rural residents. Provide security through categorization to elevate the living standards of children from poverty-stricken families. Explore methods of carrying out nutritional interventions and providing subsidies to children, and improve children's nutritional status. Progressively raise the standards and widen the scope of living allowances applicable to impoverished students at rural boarding schools that provide compulsory education.

(5) Establish and improve the security system for orphans. Implement orphans' social security policy to meet their living, education, medical rehabilitation and housing needs. Help able-bodied orphans of an appropriate age find jobs. Establish a surrogate raising system to ensure that HIV/AIDS-affected children and the minor children of convicts have access to livelihood, education, medical care and equal opportunities in employment.

(6) Improve fostering and the service mode for orphans. Improve the establishment of child welfare institutions and raise the overall management and service level of these institutions. Explore a rearing mode to suit orphans' physical and mental development. Improve the orphan adoption system, standardize the home fostering system and encourage social sponsorship. Establish and improve a system of supervision, support and evaluation of home fostering and rearing under guardianship, and improve the rearing quality of home-fostered orphans and of orphans under the guardianship of their relatives.

(7) Establish and improve the rehabilitation, aid and service system for disabled children. Establish a registration system for disabled children aged 0-6 and provide children from poverty-stricken families with subsidies, according to relevant regulations, to meet their basic recovery needs. Give priority to the treatment and rehabilitation system for rescuing disabled children and improve the professional service level of rehabilitation institutions for disabled children. Set up a rehabilitation and service system for disabled children by making professional rehabilitation institutions the system mainstay, communities the foundation and families the supporter. Reinforce rehabilitation referral services for disabled children and carry out multi-layered vocational training and practical skills training to enhance disabled children's self-care abilities, social adaptability and equal participation in social life.

(8) Enhance the relief and protection of street children. Improve the aid and protection network for street children and the system safeguarding street children's living, education, management and trips back to their hometowns. Provide street children with education, medical services, psychological guidance, behavioral adjustment, and skills training. Raise the professional and socialized levels of aiding and protecting street children, encourage and support all social sectors to protect and help them. Explore an early prevention and intervention mechanism to deal with the issue of street children.

(9) Establish and improve the service mechanism for migrant children and "left-behind children." Proactively and steadily promote the reform of the household registration system and social security system and progressively incorporate the migrant population into local economic and social development plans. Establish a registration system for migrant children aged under 16 to lay a solid foundation for them to enjoy public services such as education and medical and health care. Integrate community resources to improve the community-based and floating population-oriented management and service network, and raise community service consciousness and improve community service abilities. Improve the service mechanism for "left-behind children" in rural areas, enhance psychological, emotional and behavioral guidance for these children and improve their parents' sense of guardianship and responsibility.

(1) Build up a social atmosphere of respect and care for children and eliminate discrimination against and harm to children.

(2) Establish a family education guidance and service system adaptable to urban and rural development.

(3) Improve parental quality and raise the level of family education.

(4) Provide rich cultural products beneficial to the healthy growth of children.

(5) Protect children from unhealthy information spread via the Internet, mobile phones, games, advertisements, books, films or TV programs.

(6) Help children to form the habit of reading. Increase reading time on and reading amount. Ensure that more than 90 percent of children read at least one book every year.

(7) Increase in counties and townships the number of after-school activity centers and facilities to provide education, sci-tech, culture, sports and entertainment activities for children. Maintain the public welfare nature of these centers and facilities and promote their utilization rate and service quality. Provide each neighborhood or township (town) with at least one full-time or part-time social worker specializing in work concerning children.

(8) Ensure that over 90 percent of urban and rural communities set up children's home where children and their families can enjoy games and entertainment, receive education, health care, social psychological support and referral services.

(9) Safeguard children's rights to participate in family life as well as school and social affairs.

(10) Safeguard children's rights to leisure activities and entertainment.

Strategies and Measures:

(1) Carry out publicity and education activities themed "Children First" and "Children's Rights" , hence raising public awareness of children's rights, especially children's rights to participate.

(2) Incorporate guidance services of family education into the urban and rural public service system. Set up family education guidance bodies at all levels and ensure that 90 percent of urban communities and 80 percent of administrative villages have parents' schools or service branches which provide family education guidance. Establish a training system of family education workers and an admittance system to guidance service institutions so as to cultivate a qualified full-time and part-time family education workforce. Increase the input of public finance for family education guidance and service system, and encourage and support non-governmental sectors' participation in family education.

(3) Carry out family education guidance and publicity activities. Popularize family education knowledge continuously through various channels and in multiple forms. Ensure that parents receive family education guidance and that they participate in family education practice at least twice a year. Strengthen studies on family education and promote efficient applications of relevant research results.

(4) Create a favorable family environment for the healthy growth of children. Advocate equal, civilized, harmonious and stable family relations and encourage better communication between parents and children. Prevent and prohibit domestic maltreatment, neglect and violence.

(5) Create a favorable cultural environment for children's healthy physical and mental development. Guide the mass media in producing and spreading information beneficial to children's healthy growth, and make cultural products more informative and interesting. Formulate preferential policies that encourage and support the composition, production and release of quality children's books, films, TV programs, songs, children's folk rhymes, dances, dramas, comics and animations, and games. Promote well-designed children's radio and TV programs and strictly control the broadcasting of programs unsuitable for children through the mass media. Organize children's cultural events and develop a slew of children's cultural brands. Enhance supervision of the cultural market, and strengthen investigation of and dealing with publications, children's toys or accessories that spread pornography, murder, violence, superstition or pseudoscience. Attach great importance to the composition, translation and publication of children's books in ethnic minority languages.

(6) Regulate advertising and commercial activities related to children. Strictly implement relevant regulations and policies, prohibit advertising of substitute breast milk products and standardize advertisements on children-related products (services), tobacco and alcohol. Standardize and limit children's participation in commercial performances and activities.

(7) Create conditions for children to make appropriate use of the Internet. Open public reading rooms with electronic facilities in public-welfare cultural activity centers, children's activity centers that offer free Internet services, and public Internet facilities in communities that are free or offered at preferential prices to children. Promote the usage of "green" Internet software and prohibit the spreading of negative information so as to create a sound on-line environment for children. Strengthen management of business venues that provide Internet services. Urge Internet bars to operate a real-name registration system, to place "No Admission to Minors" signs in prominent positions, and make sure no juveniles enter the venues. Crack down on illegal Internet bars. Enhance family and school guidance on children's use of the Internet and prevent children from Internet addiction.

(8) Purify the environments surrounding schools. Implement relevant measures safeguarding public order nearby schools and ensuring school security. Establish public security posts adjacent to schools to patrol areas of complicated public order. Place security guards at school and kindergarten entrances. Set up traffic warning signs and security facilities nearby schools in strict accordance with relevant regulations. Assign police officers and traffic wardens in maintaining orderly traffic on roads and streets nearby schools and kindergartens where traffic conditions are complicated. Intensify supervision of business venues close to schools. Internet bars, game rooms and entertainment venues are prohibited within a 200-meter radius of schools.

(9) Promote construction of children's activity facilities. Incorporate construction of children's activity facilities and centers into local economic and social development plans, increase the input of public lottery funding for building children's activity facilities and centers, and enhance support in setting up and operating children's activity facilities and centers in rural areas. Standardize management of children's after-school activity facilities and centers. Entrance to public cultural, sci-tech and sports facilities and venues should be open free to children or at preferential rates. Set up special activity sectors or zones for children where conditions allow. Enhance construction of patriotic education bases.

(10) Enhance the service functions of urban and rural communities for children. Establish a community-based operating mechanism to protect children and fully explore and reasonably utilize community resources. Mobilize schools, kindergartens, hospitals, social groups and volunteers to participate child protection. Integrate community resources to build children's activity centers, employ full-time or part-time staff, increase efficiency in running these centers and provide services to children and their families.

(11) Create suitable reading conditions for children. Promote a child-oriented book classification system that recommends books suitable for children according to age, and offer suggestions and guidance to parents on choosing books for their children. Expand the number of community libraries and rural mobile libraries, set up children's reading rooms or sectors in public libraries, and establish children's libraries in counties (cities or districts) where conditions allow. Allocate a number of children's books to rural reading rooms. Organize extensive reading activities that encourage and guide children to read books on their own initiative.

(12) Safeguard children's rights to participation and expression. Incorporate children's participation into decision-making processes on children's affairs and services. Involve children's representatives in decision-making on important children-related issues and listen to their opinions. Smooth channels for children's participation and expression, increase children's opportunities to take part in social practice and encourage them to participate, within reason, in social affairs and public welfare activities, so as to improve their social participation abilities.

(13) Enhance children's environmental protection awareness. Carry out publicity and education on environmental and ecological civilization. Encourage children's proactive participation in environmental protection activities, guide them in living a low-carbon lifestyle and encourage their environment-friendly consumption of resources.

(14) Build a capable body of social workers specializing in work concerning children. Intensify these workers' capability training to enable them to play active roles in serving children and safeguarding children's rights and interests.

(15) Carry out international exchange and cooperation to promote children's development. Enforce international conventions such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, expand bilateral and multilateral exchange and cooperation, and make known China's achievements in pushing forward children's development.

(1) Improve the laws and regulations for children's protection and the legal protection mechanisms.

(2) Implement the laws and regulations on child protection and further carry out the principles of "Children First" and "Children's Maximum Interests."

(3) Safeguard children's birth and identity registration according to law.

(4) Keep in check the increasingly skewed sex ratio at birth, and strive for a rational sex ratio at birth.

(5) Improve the present system to ensure that children receive effective guardianship.

(6) Popularize legal education among primary and middle school students to raise their legal awareness and self-protection consciousness and abilities.

(7) Prevent and Crack down on infringing wents upon children's personal rights and prohibit all forms of violence against children.

(8) Protect children's legal property rights and interests in accordance with law.

(9) Prohibit child laborers (aged under 16) and protect them from economic exploitation.

(10) Guarantee children's access to timely and effective legal aid and judicial assistance according to law.

(11) Prevent juveniles from committing illegal and Crimes, and reduce the proportion of juvenile delinquents among criminal offenders.

(12) The judicial system should make further efforts to meet the special needs of children's physical and mental development.

Strategies and Measures:

(1) Continue to improve the legal system of child protection. Promote legislation on children's welfare, preschool education and family education. Review, amend and abolish regulations and policies incommensurate with child protection. Strengthen the practicability of laws and regulations regarding child protection.

(2) Enhance publicity and education on law. Raise the legal awareness, sense of responsibility and capability of families, schools, personages of all circles and of children themselves with respect to protection of children's rights.

(3) Strengthen law enforcement supervision. Specify the subject of law enforcement, reinforce legal responsibilities, and carry out special inspections on law enforcement on a regular basis. Enhance the knowledge and skills training of law enforcement personnel on the protection of children's rights and interests in order to raise their awareness and the level of law enforcement in this regard.

(4) Further implement regulation on registration at birth. Raise the birth registration awareness among people of all circles, and improve relevant rules and policies. Strengthen coordination and information sharing between different departments, and simplify and standardize the registration procedure.

(5) Eliminate discrimination against girls. Advocate gender equality concept and raise public's awareness. Establish an interest-oriented mechanism in favor of girls and their families, and improve the economic and social status of rural families with daughters. Crack down on non-medical purposes of fetus sex determination through type-B ultrasonic scanning and sex-selective pregnancy termination.

(6) Establish and improve the system of child guardianship and supervision. Raise the obligation consciousness of parents and other guardians, and improve and implement the recusal system through which to withdraw parents' or other guardians' qualification as guardians should they fail properly to perform this role or seriously infringe upon the rights and interests of children under their guardianship. Progressively establish a guardianship system that is based on families, guaranteed by the supervision of communities, schools and other relevant units and personnel, and supplemented by State custody.

(7) Protect children's personal rights. Strengthen the comprehensive management of public order, crack down on rape, abduction, kidnapping, maltreatment and abandonment that infringe upon children's personal rights; as well as on the criminal offenses of organizing, coercing and inveigling children into committing delinquencies. Deal severely with the crimes of using children for pick-pocketing, begging, commercial acrobatic performance, and prostitution. Protect children from all forms of sexual abuse. Establish mechanisms on the prevention, mandatory reporting, response, emergency rescue, treatment and counseling on cases of violence against children. Mobilize resources to explore and establish children's shelters. Enhance publicity on laws on the prevention and punishment related to child trafficking. Raise the "anti-abduction" awareness and ability of both children and parents, and provide physical and psychological rehabilitation services and appropriate placements for rescued children. Prohibit recruiting children aged below 16 for work and prohibit job introductions for children under 16. Establish a sound monitoring and penalty mechanism to ban illegal employment of child labor. Strictly implement national regulations on protecting juvenile laborers of 16 to 17 years of age, and prohibit assignment to these laborers of heavy, toxic, harmful or dangerous work or jobs. Protect the privacy of children in accordance with the law.

(8) Strengthen protection of children's property rights and interests. Safeguard children's rights to property proceeds, property bestowals, intellectual property, and inheritance and independent control over property within a certain purview, according to law.

(9) Improve the legal aid and judicial assistance mechanism for children. Further expand the coverage of legal aid to children and improve the legal aid network for children. Strengthen the grassroots legal aid working group, support and encourage grassroots legal service organizations, social organizations and public institutions in using their own resources to provide children with legal aid, so as to ensure children obtain in judicial proceedings efficient and fast legal services and judicial assistance.

(10) Promote the establishment and improvement of judiciary organs geared specifically to minors. Implement the Law on the Protection of Minors and explore ways of professionalizing the proceedings of cases involving minors. Accelerate the establishment in public security sectors of special agencies or specialized personnel for juvenile cases.

(11) Improve handling of children suspected of criminal and illegal acts. Uphold the policy of educating, helping and redeeming and adhering to the principle of education in the first place and punishment as subsidiary by exerting lighter punishments on child suspects or even exempting them from punishment according to law. Abide by the principle that all criminal cases involving children below the age of 16 should be heard in private sessions, and that cases involving children over the age of 16 should be heard generally in private sessions in accordance with relevant laws, so as to respect and protect children's legitimate rights and interests. Juvenile offenders undergoing detention or serving prison terms should be housed separately from adult offenders. Minors in reeducation through custody or labor, and juvenile drug abusers who are forced to accept compulsive isolated drug rehabilitation should be housed separately from adults. Juveniles discharged from detention houses, prisons or reformatories or after serving their respective terms should not be subjected to any form of discrimination upon returning to school, entering a higher grade or looking for jobs.

(12) Improve the correction system for children whose behavior constitutes serious misconduct. Establish an operating mechanism comprising the family, school and public for joint participation that exerts early involvement, effective intervention and behavior correction for such children. Enhance education and management of children whose behavior constitutes serious misconduct, explore effective ways and methods of specialized school education and behavior correction, and ensure that students in such schools enjoy equal rights in education, employment and other areas. Provide assistance and education to minors on probation for offenses and to juveniles undergoing community corrections for their illegal acts.